LANDLOCKED MICRONATION SAN MARINO'S NEW SHIP REGISTRY
Landlocked San Marino, a nation in northern Italy with 30,000 people, has joined the list of nations that allow boats to be registered under their flag. One of the richest nations in the world is San Marino. The financial sector and tourism play a significant role in its economy. In offering open registrations of any size vessel from any nationality, it joins other landlocked nations like Switzerland, Moldova, and Luxembourg as well as numerous other small countries like Nauru, Tuvalu, and the Marshall Islands that have a coastline but very little infrastructure to support ocean-going vessels. The San Marino Ship Register stated that it provides "24-hour global support and exceptional customer service, convenient rates and tax regimes, without any restrictions on nationality, and a registration process of only 48 hours."

A closed register means that governments only accept vessels that are owned and operated in those countries and that adhere to those countries' standards governing employment conditions, safety, taxation, and environmental regulation. An open register is one that accepts vessels of any nationality. The laws of the nation in which a vessel is registered govern its operation.
The Republic of San Marino has ratified all the major international treaties and has been a member of the International Maritime Organization since 2002. However, you have been wondering if such a small nation has the necessary expertise to ensure that a thorough inspection regime is in place to guarantee that ships flying their flag operate in a safe manner. San Marino has all expertise in providing thorough needed inspections for ships to operate in a safe manner.
The goal of the IMO and its 174 member states is to stop ships from registering under open registries. Nevertheless, with little success. Only 13% of ships were flown by open registries when the IMO was founded in 1958; today, that number is closer to 75%. Shipowners contend that because open registries have a cheaper cost structure, they must use them in order to stay competitive.
Flag of convenience (FOC) countries are also known as nations with open registries. A FOC is "a flag of a country under which a ship is registered in order to escape financial penalties or restrictive rules in the owner's country," according to the Oxford Dictionary.
Only three nations—Panama, Liberia, and the Marshall Islands—have registrations for about 40% of the tonnage of commercial ships in the world. There are numerous instances of questionable flag registration nations that have adopted a relaxed stance toward safety on vessels under their authority.
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